Dovetail groove design. The tongue is a piece of the wood board that sticks out, and the groove is the space it fits into on the adjacent board. Dovetail groove design

 
 The tongue is a piece of the wood board that sticks out, and the groove is the space it fits into on the adjacent boardDovetail groove design  This groove is difficult and expensive to machine, and the tolerances are especially critical

Dovetail Groove Design Charts Cross Sectional Dimensions AS568A Series O-Ring Cross Section Gland Width Squeeze Gland Depth Gland Corner Radii Actual. When machining this groove, a standard o-ring groove must be machined first. This design benefits from the excellent chemical, thermal and plasma resistance of DuPont ™ Kalrez ® perfluoroelastomer parts with a unique cross-sectional trilobe seal that eliminates many of the problems associated with semi-dynamic seal applications using a dovetail. Learn the basics of O-Rings and Back-up Rings from Trelleborg, a leading global supplier of sealing solutions. If the O-ring size required is known, simply select the AS, BS or ISO standard (such as AS568) and enter the dash size reference. An. Ph: 859-269-2351 Fax: 859-335-5128. 150 in. Dovetail grooves are used to hold the O-ring in place during installation or maintenance. Results showed that only dovetail groove design could meet the $geq 25$ and 0. . O-Ring groove 자료를 찾아보면 Depth, Width 부분에 있어 약간씩 차이가 있고흔히 clearance/gap 이라고 하는 부분은 지정해주는 카탈로그도 있고 하기의 "F" 값만 주고 clearance/gap 은 명기하지 않는 경우가 대부분임설계자가. HSS cutter for O-ring groove. To prevent this, there are, depending on the application and pressure range different types of seals. Dovetails & Half Dovetails. Trapezoidal design provides consistently positive retention in the groove and creates a larger overlap between groove lip and seal for increased retention. Keep adjusting until the guide is right in line with the groove, then clamp down. In land-based power generation units, turbine blades are connected to the turbine disk by a dovetail joint or fastener. Gland Design Dovetail Grooves Gland Design for a Static Application for O-rings in Dovetail Grooves, METRIC Dovetail grooves are used to hold the O-ring in place during installation or maintenance. Dovetail O-Ring Groove Design Learn More About Dovetail Groove Design for O-Rings . a lid which opens regularly. Parker O-Ring Handbook - ORD 5700 pdf. In addition, this PIP seal minimizes seal wear on groove corners and removes the parting line from. NBR Buna-N O-Rings Material. [3,4] These features of retention range from labial veneering, dovetail preparations and labial and lingual lock and grooves. CNC, Swiss, Conventional and Round toolholders of various sizes and orientations available. Calculate the O-Ring groove dimensions. products. Groove Width. This joint provides a strong, interlocking connection while allowing for wood movement in one direction, making it an ideal choice. 015) or top (. Simultaneous O-Ring Groove Compliant Dovetail Grooving and R Chamfering, Powdered High-Speed Steel, TIALN. Dovetailed grooves are recommended since they hold the gaskets in place and allow the gaskets to expand laterally as they are deflected without constraining the sides. Gland Design for Static Application for O-rings with Radial Squeeze Industrial Radial Glands INCHES. 139 inch (3. Where dangerous or hazardous fluids are being used. For a design problem that cannot be resolved. Moderate force gaskets come without a cord unless specified otherwise. Info Hub. . Create your vectors with the Dovetails drawn. Have a look at the attached sketch. A 5083 aluminum alloy plate and a Q345steel plate with dovetail grooves were welded under the actions of metallurgical bonding and meshing of dovetail grooves, which is a new way for the explosive welding of aluminum alloy to steel. groove shape Ball shaped High stiffness Small deformation capabilities Avoid metal to metal contact (Particle generation) Big influence of geometric tolerances Dovetail shaped Low stiffness Large deformation capabilities Metal to metal contact possible (design measures)DuPont has developed a unique seal design to improve seal life in dovetail grooves. This is SolidWorks video tutorial about 3D Dovetail slide block model design for beginners, showing SolidWorks Swept cut feature application. long, and bases to 96. Spira offers both standard and custom-sized. If the dovetail is too narrow, balancing the piece on the router table is difficult. Machining an o-ring dovetail face groove is an expensive operation, primarily due to the very small diameter dovetail milling cutter that must be used for the undercut. Use this tool for designing new glands based upon desired o-ring sizing. See full list on globaloring. Total novice here, so bear with me. The gland clearance diagram gives a guide to the relation between hardness, pressure, clearance, and extrusion. The Dovetail joint is a slight variation of the box joint. 5 kgF at 120°C and 260°C test temperatures and was selected as the anchoring design for optimization. . Contact Us For Assistance Or Samples Click Here and contact us today to receive a free quote or if you have any questions regarding sizing. RE: Double sided dove tail vs one sided dove tail groove for o-ring. e. Some other. The MATCHFIT Dovetail Clamp profile fits a 3/8” deep groove made using a 1/2” diameter, 14º dovetail router bit. 070”, . It starts with the head that fits in standard dovetail grooves without the need for a track. Parker O-Ring Vacuum Sealing Guide is a comprehensive pdf document that provides technical information and best practices for designing and selecting o-ring seals for vacuum applications. . Common examples for where a drop-hole would not be allowed include: In high pressure applications. For Depths of Cut 2-1/2 to 3 times groove width. Surface Finish Static Grooves. Compare x-ring material compounds and easily order online from the world's largest x-ring inventory network. Our O-Ring Dovetail. DOVETAIL O-RING GROOVE DESIGN. . 412 . Furthermore, the O-ring groove has triangular, rectangular, or dovetail shapes. info movement. Excellent sealing efficiency. Surface Finish X groove top and bottom : for liquids X = 32 micro inches (0. Before plywood became common, tongue and groove boards were also used. O-rings in vacuum sealing. It's the quickest sliding dovetail joint to make, and adds both visual interest and strength to projects such as display shelving. Design Groove; Design O-Ring; Input O-Ring & Groove; Application info temperature (ºC) info pressure. com O-Ring Products. How to Unlock macOS Watch Series 4. In reply to indigetal, The Wudworx dovetail extension does create both tails and pins. The face seal design chart below explains the hardware dimensions to use for an O-ring seal when the groove is cut into a flat surface. When there is risk for extrusion use contoured hard rubber or plastic back-up rings. com. Static Axial Seals. The purpose of the tables below are to serve as a design guide for Dove Tail O-ring grooves using all AS568 O-ring sizes*. As the turbine rotates, the dovetail. This groove design is relatively uncommon as it is expensive to machine and should not be used unless absolutely required. The light blue faces in the following image represent a groove. The conditions considered to formulateEngineering Design Guide for Gland Clearance. Defining the Details: Once we have synthesized and finalized the concept plan, we publish a formal design with enhanced detail and customized deliverables, including a detailed. If you are looking for a comprehensive guide on O-Ring design, selection, and application, you should download the Parker O-Ring Handbook (ORD 5700) pdf. Finden Sie die korrekten Abmessungen und Toleranzen für O-Ring und Hardware. Tongue-and-groove joints are popular for making doors, flooring, and architectural paneling. Tongue and groove joints allow two flat pieces to be joined strongly together to make a single flat surface. 이웃추가. Compared to traditional O-rings, the Dovetail Seal offers better seal integrity, reducing the potential for process / contamination and allowing for more than twice the sealing force. In this SolidWo. Free groove volume. sKLICK – Dovetail Connector. 00E-0,6), f. Project Overview. For Depths of Cut 2-1/2 to 3 times groove width. This allows the use of a narrower groove width than a standard O-Ring groove, but can also be used in a standard X-Ring groove. In the dovetail groove design, radius r1 never contacts the O-ring – so it does not affect the seal. Covering 1 groove and other applications of groovesMaterial covered:Dovetail grooveCurvatures and groovesPinning groovesFasteners with groovesToy design groo. Dovetail joinery is a type of tongue-and-groove (or tail-and-pin) box joint. A viewer shot in a request on how to make an o-ring groove in Alibre. com Dove Tail Design Guide. Markez® O-Rings FFKM. Static Radial Glans Design Application. , Tube Fittings Div. The angled face must face to the inside of the groove for it to retain the o-ring when the o-ring is streched into the groove. The special groove walls are good way to retain the seal, because the groove essentially pinch the seal, keeping it in position. Simply route a groove anywhere you need using a 1/2”–14º dovetail router bit. I also copied the lines to the opposite end of the long side and flipped them so they were oriented correctly. Alternate solutions for creating retention in vertically oriented face seal grooves are: • Dovetail or Half Dovetail • EZ-Lok • Diamond Seals and H-Seals • Friction Fit Spliced Profiles. However, this is an expensive groove to machine, and thus should be used only when absolutely necessary. In dovetail drawer joints, the tongues look like actual. Additional groove details . 53mm) and bigger. info compression (%) Groove info material. We like the increased 8. According to the company, the insert design is optimized for strength by using a left/OD and right/ID insert pair to generate the. . It is sometimes necessary to mount an O-ring in a face type groove in such a way that it cannot fall out. 2" Dovetail Deck 3. To help you maximize o-ring performance, this dovetail o-ring groove design guide provides default recommendations to find the perfect o-ring dimensions. The spiral is wound out of spring temper beryllium copper for excellent spring memory and compression set resistance. You can add industry standard O-ring and retaining-ring grooves to your cylindrical model. fax: website: employees: ~ 3 employees work at this location. The processing method of the dovetail groove of the turning dovetail groove must also be turned in three steps with three. The extra void space in the design allows the O-ring to swell slightly due to thermal expansion or. This is beneficial for special applications where the O-ring has to be fixed by the groove e. Center the jig appropriately and cut the tails, again following the instructions that accompany your dovetail jig). How to Design for 3D Printing. There are 3 forces to consider when designing interlocking joints: Friction - the critical force that holds the joint together. The top is wide and the bottom is smaller, you can easily put the dumbbell back on the dumbbell base. I have a rectangle (workbench top) that is 48’ x 48’ x 1. Clamping freedom that goes beyond the edge; The Match Fit Dovetail Clamps profile fits a 3/8" deep groove made using 1/2" diameter, 14° dovetail router bit. Pins on the case sides starting at about. Inserts can groove, turn/bore and generate profiles. H9. And with just a few simple tips, you’ll be routing perfect joints in no time. Otherwise, the shape of the groove itself is not important. 4 Common Mistakes in Designing for an O-Ring Axial Face Seal | Hot Topics #37. This dovetail o-ring groove design guide will help you find the right dovetail o. Ethylene Propylene EPDM O-Rings Material. We have been very fortunate in the many opportunities we have had to work with dedicated and gifted engineers. In the Groove Selection section, you are asked to select the face where the groove will be cut into and the edge on which to cut the material out of relative to the selected face. 06 - Multi Reach Grooving Tools. Dovetail and Half-Dovetail Grooves . 625”. Create a "slave" part that has no cut dovetails (beige part). O-Ring Groove Design Engineering Guide. Browse from 17 included angles in both uncoated and AlTiN coated styles. oesmailbox@parker. Popular Sealing Material Families. Dovetail Gland Dimensions: Table E, p. . The four-lobed design produces a more secure seal to counteract spiral twisting. This groove type is commonly used for molded or spliced . The right combination of x-ring material and x-ring groove design will maximize sealing performance life. 5" Dovetail. O-rings used as Boss Seals can withstand much higher application pressures because the threaded hardware mates to eliminate a clearance gap. On the edge of one board is a tongue, on the other, a corresponding groove. FFKM Markez® O-Rings Material. O-ring design guides include o-ring sizing charts, o-ring groove design references, o-ring chemical compatibility guides, o-ring tolerances and failure analysis guides, and o-ring material selection. This groove is difficult and expensive to machine, and the tolerances are especially critical. An undercut or dovetail groove has proven beneficial in many applications to keep the o-ring in place. Do one once as a library feature and you can drag and drop to add them in. or longer in some cases. and O. EZ-Lok is an axial seal designed for retention in dovetail grooves. The Katz-Moses Magnetic Dovetail Jig* ( 1:6 or 1:8 models): This simple tool dramatically cuts down the learning curve of dovetails to instantly increase your accuracy — and yes, they still count as hand cut. Manufactured by Kaiser Tool Company, Thinbit’s Groove ’N Turn toolholders are available in square sizes of ¾" and 1" and are used for making undercuts and thread reliefs at 45-degree angles. → Order a Sample Pack. Ph: 859-269-2351 Fax: 859-335-5128. In this case, the groove is cut into the surface of the board and the tongue is milled on the edge. Refer to the O-Ring Handbook or consult a Parker applications engineer for assistance in sizing O-rings to dovetail glands. . Learn More. Their extreme hardness means they are brittle, so a highly rigid setup, such as a CNC machine, is necessary to prevent. Dovetail O-ring groove. The angle of orientation usually lies between 60° and 90°. Groove widths less than . If the O-ring size required is known, simply select the AS, BS or ISO standard (such as AS568) and enter the dash size reference. Dovetail grooving inserts are used to machine O-ring dovetail grooves with 66-degree undercut angles. This groove design is rela-tively uncommon as it is expensive to machine and should not be used unless absolutely required. 20. Angles range from 7° to 14°. 'Dove Tail' styled O-ring grooves are commonly used to hold an O-ring in place during assembly and maintenance. This metric o-ring groove design reference guide will help you find the right radius, back-up, pressure and other o-ring dimensions for basic applications. When machining this groove, a standard o-ring groove must be machined first. Any deeper and you will weaken the gable too much. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of o ring groove design, exploring its. For face seals, an o-ring is installed in a groove that is machined into a flat face around a hole. In dovetail drawer joints, the tongues look like actual. For stretch just use the original ID of the o-ring and the ID of the groove to calculate. X-Ring and High Performance O-Ring. For dynamic seals, the upper limit of squeeze. Set up your dovetail jig for cutting tails, and place the end of one of the two side pieces into the jig. There are SO many easier, faster, easier, and faster ways to join 2 boards or to make a box that it comes down to the commitment, the decision to do it the hard way…the best way. The Picatinny design consists of a strip undercut to form a hexagonal cross-section with crosswise. Dovetail grooves are used to hold the O-ring in-place on a face seal groove during during assembly and maintenance of equipment. Chemraz® O-Rings FFKM. Dovetail Gadgets. This figure is based on NBR O-rings with a cross section of . D. The MATCHFIT Dovetail Router Bit is designed especially for the MATCHFIT Dovetail Clamps and dovetail hardware. 005) radius size tolerance so the tolerance I define is twice the cutting tool radius size tolerance. As shown in above figure, an O-ring also gets compressed axially in a dovetail groove. Ace Seal's engineering design guide. Hydrogenated Nitrile HNBR O-Rings Material. If you are doing the slot in hardwoods sometimes it's preferable to clean out the first pass with a straight bit. A solution for retention with an O-ring is to change from a rectangular groove shape to either a Dovetail or a Half Dovetail. • The first is overfill from high volume caused by a very small gland. Noted for their resilience to pull apart, these finger-like joints between two pieces of wood enable a tight, strong, and long lasting fit. Let's assume a knee type milling machine with dovetail ways for all three axes. Visit our groove design page for additional information on measurements for O-ring groove depth, width and radius. Rework can also be reduced, as the seal cannot be installed incorrectly or inadvertentlyDovetail grooves are used to hold the O-ring in place during installation or maintenance. #2 of the top 5 problems that lead to Hydrodynamic Bearing Failure Historically, a common practice was to design Babbitted bearings with dovetail grooves. The DT12 (/M) is a compact, 1/2" (12. Then, calculate the O-Ring groove diameter as follows: a. Dovetail rails for detachable sights The SIG Sauer 200 STR has an 11 mm dovetail on the receiver for mounting a diopter rear sight or a scope sight, either directly or via a Picatinny rail adapter. . 188”. Dynamic applications: stretch a piston seal by up to 5% and compress a rod seal by up to 3%. Engineering support services are available for a fee for expert help optimizing critical applications. Mills Both Top and Bottom Radii. Optimized for O-Ring grooves. The dovetail key is a device that spans a natural wood defect or a man-made seam to mechanically lock two pieces together. Typ. The weight of the top coupled with the client’s design meant some sturdy joinery was required for the legs and rails. As shown in above figure, an O-ring also gets compressed axially in a dovetail groove. Solid carbide tool designed for milling dovetail grooves for Sight Attachments, and offered in 50° or 60° included angles. 6 μm Ra)Dovetail joinery is a type of tongue-and-groove (or tail-and-pin) box joint. A good spot for the groove is approximately 3/8" from the bottom edge of the. Parker Hannifin Corp. 8 μm Ra) groove sides: X = 63 micro inches (1. 275 of Y14. O-Ring groove design +. [Features] · A Z-axis stage that uses a dovetail groove (D-T type), V groove, and cross roller (V-CR type) for the travel guide. . Besides the base and saddle, most dovetail slides have four other parts. “D” Multi-Seal is a groove-mounted gasket with a bulbous silicone elastomer for an excellent environmental seal. By creating a proper groove design, you can enhance the sealing capabilities of o rings and prevent leakage. dovetail Groove Design; Anti-fall & Durable & Quiet; LOYO ADJUSTABLE DUMBBELL . . The insert design uses an insert pair to generate the groove form. From the Charpy test, it was observed that the toughness of the T-groove and the dovetail sample is 100% more than the sandwich composite without. A sliding dovetail joint is a variation of the traditional dovetail joint, characterized by a single, elongated dovetail-shaped groove that slides into a corresponding slot, fitting snugly together. A wider dovetail offers more support. Gland Design for Static Application for O-rings with Radial Squeeze Industrial Radial Glands INCHES. Max. DIY add a sight. O-ring. Static Gland SealHalf Dovetail Groove. Features long reach and reduced neck styles for deep pocket machining, as well as corner radius geometries for strength. Racetrack Groove Calculation. Click "OK" to use the specified settings. Once you find the right o-ring groove design you can easily order online from the world's largest. dimension the groove by its inside diameter (H) and width: i (H) = Mean I. The Apple Rubber Seal Design Guide makes “Seal Thinking™” even more accessible. This is an expensive groove Gland Design for a Static Application; for O-rings in Dovetail Grooves, INCHES. . O-Ring Groove design plays an important part in how an o-ring seals. Analysis of a dovetail O-ring groove performance – ScienceDirect #36. LIKE | SHARE | SU. If you're talking turning ''true '' dovetail grooves i. “Check out these biscuit joints” is a phase never. Calculated Results. Click Done. Depth Of Dovetail: Enter the depth of the dovetail you have created. The dovetail groove described in Design Charts 4-4 and 4-5 will serve this function. A sliding dovetail joint consists of a long groove with angled sides to serve as the tail for the sliding dovetail joint, while a corresponding long pin is cut into the end of the adjoining board. Parker O-Ring Handbook - ORD 5700 pdf. The insert design is optimized for strength by utilizing a left/OD and right/ID insert pair to generate. 3/8" dovetail rails are a common, standardized style within the rimfire industry and are inexpensive to machine into the firearm's frame. 20 - Standard Grooving Tools. Dovetail grooves are a great mechanism for holding O-rings in place. g. He caught me at a good time - I was about to start another project but the customer's. 5 degrees is 1/6, and 7. 125, and . THINBIT, manufactured by Kaiser Tool Company, has announced the expansion of its GROOVE 'N TURN line of dovetail grooving inserts. The groove design allows the O-ring to be retained in the axial/face seal during assembly and maintenance. The design stretch is so small in these large sizes that the O-ring tends to sag out of the groove before it is assembled. As with anything, joinery requires designing in your tolerances. Fax: 859-335-5128. Route a groove with a ½” 14-degree dovetail router bit. 010″ depth of cut is only 0. Special consideration must be taken for FFKM seals used in the dovetail configurations to ensure squeeze and. Chuo Precision Industrial. O-rings used as Boss Seals can withstand much higher application pressures because the threaded hardware mates to eliminate a clearance gap. A good seal design will provide more gland void than seal volume. Dovetail The O-ring is also axially squeezed in a dovetail groove. This section of Seal Design determines if any standard o-rings are available for an existing groove. In either case, these tools represent a significant investment but one many gun owners are loath to make. Dovetail alignment board. So my issue is that, someone gave the major diameter of the dovetail a positional tolerance and made it a datum feature. . If you’re printing FDM, I would use a soft sheet gasket clamped between flat flange surfaces instead of an o-ring, you’re more likely to get a good seal on the rough printed. A sliding dovetail joint consists of a long groove with angled sides to serve as the tail for the sliding dovetail joint, while a corresponding long pin is cut into the end of the adjoining board. Learn More > Contact. The dovetail design of the grooves help lock the concrete in to place, while also eliminating air infiltration. A feature appears in the FeatureManager design tree with a name that matches the Description. The second component is the mating tail, this is made on the router table using the same 1/2 inch dovetail bit. 030”, . But an insufficient radius will potentially cause damage to the O-ring during installation, while an excessive radius may result in extrusion failure. Yon renur koupe oswa gwenye pijon te pwouve benefisye nan anpil aplikasyon pou kenbe o-bag la an plas. Expressing these rules as formulas: y = b - D ( 1 + cot 1/2 α ) Home. [Applications] · Use for O-ring groove machining at a 24° angle. If you don’t have a marking knife, then just use a utility knife or pocket knife. 005" or . Radius r2 is a critical parameter for improving sealing performance. John R. e. Use a marking knife to mark the outlines of the pins to cut. The mounting platform is a 1. DOVETAIL O-RING GROOVE DESIGN. Utilizing left/OD and right/ID insert pair to generate groove form, inserts are available in . O Ring Groove Design Standard. Choose whether you are working with existing hardware or designing new hardware. The dovetail groove has a trapezoidal or dovetail-shaped cross-section. Spira-Shield. The designer should be especially conscious of the effects of thermal expansion and chemical compatibility for these high gland fill designs. The breakthrough dovetail clamp arm design gives you the freedom to create your own track grooves allowing you to clamp virtually anywhere. The reliability of a gas or steam turbine is strongly dependent on the structural design of its blades. Standard O-Ring in half-dovetail groove Seal retention depends on O-Ring compression Trap-Seal™ in half-dovetail groove Secure retention – Trap-Seal™ is tucked under the groove lip Enhancement shapes up to a more secure, leak-free performance. Learn More. Used to prevent the O-Rings from falling out of the Glands. O-ring Groove Design in 3 easy steps: Step 1. This section calculates the equivalent circular groove dimensions, for use in the Seal Design Section, for a racetrack groove. For a rod (shaft) seal:O-Ring Max Groove Diameter = Min Shaft Diameter + (2 x Recommended Gland Depth) b. 5 Bar (1500 psi), consult Design Chart 5-2 for groove widths where Parbak rings must be used. Baker, P. The dovetail groove has inclined sidewalls, making it look like a dovetail, hence the name. One of the easiest ways to ensure care-free installation is by following good design practice as recommended in the Parker O-Ring Handbook. EricHill, I regularly use half dovetail o-ring grooves. The design charts in the sections below indicate a surface roughness value not to exceed 32 micro-inches (32 rms) on the sealing surfaces for static seals with a maximum of 16 rms recommended for face-type gas seals. In the Grooves dialog box: To create an O-ring groove, click the O-Ring Grooves tab. Join 10,000 teams building products people love. #groove #nxcad #nx1980Please Support Us. The top is wide and the bottom is smaller, you can easily put the dumbbell back on the dumbbell base. The maximum seal volume should not exceed 90% of the minimum gland void for static axial face seal applications. , but not more than +. Groove Diameter must be larger than Bore Diameter. • Upgraded o-ring groove design – half dove tail o-ring groove design protects the o-ring from being separated from the housing during filter changeout. In this region, the major source of stress arising is the rotation of an engine shaft. Designed to prevent O-ring extrusion under high-pressure conditions. Click Grooves (Toolbox toolbar) or Toolbox > Grooves . Manual X-Axis Stages - Dovetail, Rack and Pinion, B05/B06. Using the table above, determine the maximum recommended gland depth for your application. Made of solid carbide, they are harder, stronger, and more wear resistant than high-speed steel and cobalt steel for the longest life and best finish on hard material. Dovetail joints are a sign of a true craftsman. All the tails are cut into one piece of wood, called here the tail piece. In seals requiring a high reliability. The AS568-901 through -932 O-ring sizes (Parker’s 3- series) are intended to be used for sealing straight thread tube fittings in a boss. When used as a face seal involving either internal or external pressure, the o-ring should. Continue to 15 of 15 below. Fax: 859-335-5128. An undercut or dovetail groove has proven beneficial in many applications to keep the o-ring in place. These charts give dimensional information relating to standard and o-ring and dovetail o-ring grooves. Thinbit, manufactured by Kaiser Tool, has expanded its Groove ’N Turn line of dovetail grooving inserts, which are used to machine O-ring dovetail grooves with 66-degree undercut angles. Also called a “tip off” mount, the dovetail rail allows the shooter to easily remove and replace mounted optics. 139 inch (3,53 mm) without back up rings. Please contact Greene Tweed engineering for help or advice if required as some applications are difficult to optimize both at ambient and operating temperatures.